Alrededor del mundo se celebran fiestas como el Halloween o el Día de los Muertos en las que se cree, las almas de los ancestros regresan durante un corto tiempo para pasarlo junto a sus seres queridos. Japón no es la excepción y es por eso que existe el Obon (お盆), una festividad tradicional nipona que tiene su origen en el budismo.
Esta celebración, que se lleva a cabo durante el verano (entre julio y agosto) debido a que se basa en el calendario solar, se remonta a 600 años atrás. Tiene su origen en un ritual budista, en el que se bailaba para honrar la memoria de los antepasados. Se dice que su origen se encuentra en las ofrendas que un discípulo de Buda realizó para ayudar a su madre que estaba sufriendo en el infierno. Esto está relacionado con el culto a los antepasados en Japón, y a partir del período Edo (1603-1868) se convirtió en una fecha tan importante para el pueblo como Año Nuevo.
Bienvenida y Despedida
La fiesta dura cuatro días y comienza con el Mukaebon (迎え盆) momento en el que se recibe a las almas prendiendo fuego unos tallos de cáñamo en las afueras de los hogares para que éstas no se pierdan, práctica que se la conoce como Mukaebi (迎え火). Durante estos días, los familias visitan las tumbas de sus parientes y se realizan los típicos festivales y bailes conocidos como Bon Odori en los que el público se reúne en lugares abiertos alrededor de una torre con tambores taiko y baila al compás de la música tradicional.
Esta música debe ser alegre para dar la bienvenida a las almas de los ancestros y la gente debe mantener un humor alegre. Además, una particularidad del Bon Odori es que se realiza de noche, ya que se cree que es durante este tiempo que los espíritus de los ancestros regresan al mundo terrenal.
Al finalizar el Urabon’e (于蘭盆會 o 盂蘭盆會), nombre proveniente del sánscrito Ullambana, se lleva a cabo el Okuribi (送り火) durante el Okuribon (送り盆), momento en que el fuego vuelve a hacer presencia para alumbrar el camino de regreso para los espíritus ancestrales. Uno de los eventos más representativos es el Gozan no Okuribi (五山送り火) que se hace en Kioto, cuando cinco grandes hogueras se enciende formando diferentes caracteres chinos (kanjis) o dibujos como el de un barco gigante.
Otro de los acontecimientos que más se esperan es el Tōrō Nagashi (灯籠流し) en la que los participantes hacen flotar linternas de papel (chōchin) por un río. Esto se realiza principalmente en la última noche Obon basado en la creencia de que esto sirve como guía a los espíritus de los muertos de vuelta al otro mundo.
El Bon Odori en Argentina
En el país sudamericano se organizan varios festivales japoneses o «matsuris» en diferentes localidades desde la década de los 60. Específicamente los Bon Odori se concentran en José C. Paz o en Ituzaingó. Pero el mayor evento de este tipo existe desde 1999, en Colonia Urquiza, La Plata, más precisamente en un predio ubicado en 186 y 482, donde la comunidad japonesa (Asociación Japonesa La Plata) realiza ininterrumpidamente este gran festival que agolpa a miles de personas. Como el verano en el hemisferio sur es a principios de año, el evento se lleva a cabo en el mes de enero.
Los organizadores lo definen como «una manera de compartir y mostrar a toda la comunidad la cultura, la gastronomía, y las costumbres de nuestro país». El público podrá, no sólo disfrutar del taiko y del baile, sino también de la gastronomía japonesa, regalería y artesanía con productos relacionados con la tierra del sol naciente y mucho más.
¿Fuiste a algún Bon Odori? ¡Contanos tu experiencia!
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